Friday 25 October 2013

Khutbah: Verily, Din is Ease

Praise be to Allāh, the One Infinite in Wisdom and Knowledge, the Most Merciful and Ever Merciful, the One who created us and moulded us and thus He knows every single one of us better than we know ourselves. And May Peace and Blessings be upon His Messenger and upon his family and companions. To proceed: O you who have believed! Fear Allāh the way He deserves to be feared, and do not die except in a state of submission to Allāh.

Allāh did not create us aimlessly. He created us with a purpose, and that is to worship Him. However, He did not want that worshipping him become a burdensome task. So from His Infinite Wisdom and Knowledge, He set out for us a way of life by which we could worship Him, a way of life best suited to the nature of the human being, a way of life neither too difficult nor too lax, a way of life of moderation. Allāh says:

يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ

"Allāh intends for you ease, and does not want to make things difficult for you" (Qur’ān 2:185)

مَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ 

"Allāh does not want to place you in difficulty" (Qur’ān 5:6).

To demonstrate the easiness and practicality of this way of life, He sent to us a human messenger, not an angel, a messenger biologically identical to us, a role model whose example we can relate to and emulate. This was none other than the Messenger ﷺ. And it wasn't just the Prophet ﷺ who demonstrated this. Think about it: if this dīn really was a difficult one, would've it survived to this day? Would the billions of people who have practised this dīn over 1400 years have been able to pass down such a difficult way of life to their children? Hence, we see that dīn truly is easy.

But some of you might ask: why do I find it so difficult at times? Why are there so many rules and restrictions I must follow? Why is it such an overwhelming way of life? The five daily prayers. The food. The ḥijāb. The interaction with opposite gender. The fact that there's rules for everything, even for going to the toilet and cutting your nails. “Why”, you may ask yourself?

There are several possible reasons for this, but only three shall be mentioned. The first one is a lack of taqwā and love of Allāh, combined with laziness. Yes, Islam is an easy religion in its rituals and requirements. But remember, Islam is a religion, a way of life, which by definition entails a commitment to a Supreme Being, i.e. Allāh. Islam is something we have to commit ourselves to. We see that many people who say Islam is "difficult" want an Islam where one has to do nothing; they define "easy" as "doing nothing". However, know that Allāh wants something from you, and that is obedience and commitment. Know that His obedience is easy, though some may find it difficult, however this doesn't mean that obedience in itself is difficult; the problem usually lies within the person himself, within their hearts, hearts which are lacking in taqwā and love of Allāh, hearts lazy and uninclined to the worship of their Creator.

The second reason is a lack of knowledge. People who find difficulty with Islam may have an incorrect understanding of Islam. Or they may not realise how easy the rules of Islam are to follow. E.g., the general principle with regards to worldly things is that everything is permissible unless proven otherwise, not the other way round as some people may have it. Or they may be unaware of wisdom behind certain acts. An example is charity, which apparently decreases wealth. However, Allāh says:

إِن تُقْرِضُوا اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا يُضَاعِفْهُ لَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ

"If you loan Allāh a goodly loan, He will multiply it for you and forgive you." (Qur’ān 64:17)

And there's the ḥadīth: "Verily, wealth does not decrease because of charity." (Narrated by Muslim). You won’t find anyone who’s gone poor from giving charity. So realise that behind every command and prohibition there is a wisdom behind it. Without understanding this, practising Islam becomes a heavy burden. However, for some commands or prohibitions, these wisdoms may not be too apparent, like the prohibition for men to wear gold and silk for example. In cases like these, the attitude of the true Mu'min should be one of following the orders of Allāh without question, seeking His pleasure, even though the justification for such orders may not be clear, remembering that Allāh is the One who created us and thus knows us better than we know ourselves and that He knows what is better for us more than we do. If pleasing Allāh is always our aim, then undoubtedly the practice of religion becomes easy, no matter what apparent hardships we may encounter.

The third reason, is the bad environment you’re in. In a society where we are bombarded with ḥarām – foul language, obscene images and videos, interest, alcohol, gambling, ḥarām music –, it does make some sort of sense that practising the dīn becomes hard, even for those who strive to commit to it. But remember that in times like this where practising the dīn becomes difficult, those that do manage to cling on to the Qur’ān and Sunnah await for themselves an immense reward. Remember the ḥadīth of the Prophet ﷺ where he said: “...After you there will come days during which being patient will be like holding on to a live coal. The one who strives during those days will have a reward like that of fifty men who strive as you do.” (Narrated by Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī and Ibn Mājah) And also remember the ḥadīth of the Prophet ﷺ where he said: “Islam began as something strange, and it will return to being strange as it began. So, glad tidings for the strangers.” He was asked: “Messenger of Allāh, who are the strangers?” He replied: “Those who are righteous when the people are corrupt.” (Narrated by Aḥmad). And in another narration, “A tiny group of righteous people in the midst of a large number of corrupted people. Those who go against them are more than those who go along with them.” (Narrated by al-Tirmidhī). May Allāh make us from these strangers!
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Praise be to Allāh, Lord of the Worlds, and may Peace and Blessings be upon the Messenger and upon his family and companions. To proceed: O mankind! Fear Allāh, obey Him and do good. Indeed, Allāh is with those who fear Him and those who are doers of good.

Know that whatever life throws at you, you are able to overcome it. Allāh says:

لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

“Allāh does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear.” (Qur’ān 2:286)

This is especially true with regards to the dīn; whatever Allāh has prescribed for you, you are able to do it. However, remember that just because this dīn is simple and not burdensome doesn't mean that life will be a breeze for the Muslim. Remember that Allāh will test each and every one of us in one way or another. So even though Islam is easy to practise if you commit to it, your level of commitment will be tested by Allāh.

Remember that Islam is a religion that conforms with human nature; Allāh does not ask us to do what we are incapable of doing. Know that Shayṭān beautifies evil deeds and the following of vain desires, things that are of no benefit to us, whilst presenting good deeds, things that will actually benefit us, as boring and difficult, thus making us lazy. Yet, if one is able to take the first step in overcoming this, he will find out for himself the inner peace that good deeds bring out and how easy they are to perform, and he will be able to see the evils involved in committing sins.

Friday 18 October 2013

Khutbah: Lessons From the Story of the Sacrifice

Praise be to Allāh who has sent the Qur’ān as clarification for all things, and as guidance and mercy and for the Muslims good tidings. And may peace and blessings be upon the one to whom the Qur’ān was revealed, Muḥammad, and upon his family and companions revered. To proceed: O you who have believed! Fear Allāh the way He deserves to be feared, and do not die except in a state of submission to Allāh.

Among the stories Allāh relates to us to ponder upon is the story of Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) being commanded by Allāh to sacrifice his son Ismāʿil (ʿalayh al-salām) , which can be found in Sūrat as-Sāffāt (37) āyāt 99-111.

This story in a nutshell is as follows: Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) returns to visit his son Ismāʿil, now in his adolescent years, years after Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) abandons Ismāʿil and his mother Hājar in the middle of the desert. Now imagine how happy he is at reuniting with his then only son, the quality time they're spending together, the time they're spending catching up on things. And then Allāh orders Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) to slaughter this beloved son of his. Without question, Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) submits to the command of his Lord. But first Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) decides to consult his son to see what he thinks. His reply? Was it to the tune of, "Dad, I'm not ready to die yet?" "Dad, why do you want to kill me?" No. He replied, "O father, do what you were ordered..." Subhān Allāh, this kind of īmān and taqwā is rarely found nowadays Muslims today, let alone our youths, may Allāh rectify us all. So they both surrender to His Commandment without complaint.

Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) heads to place of slaughter. On the way there, Shayṭān tries three times to persuade Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) not to sacrifice his son. Ibrāhīm's response? He pelts Shayṭān with seven stones at each of these three occasions. So, once Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) arrives at the place of slaughter, he lays down his son and binds him up. He raises the knife. Just when he is about to put the knife down Allāh calls him.

وَنَادَيْنَاهُ أَن يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَا

“We called to him, "O Ibrāhīm, You have fulfilled the vision.” (Qur’ān 37:104-105)

"You have passed the test". A great test indeed. And at the end Ismāʿil is saved and Allāh sends a ram to Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) to sacrifice in place of his son. Allāh says:

وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ

“And We ransomed him with a great sacrifice.” (Qur’ān 37:106)

So what lessons can we extract from this story that we can apply to our own lives?
  • Every one will be tested. There's no M4 or Hume Hwy to Jannah. The road to Jannah has many obstacles. Jannah has to be earned. And one way we can earn it is by passing the trials Allāh tests us with with patience and steadfastness.
وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُم بِشَيْءٍ مِّنَ الْخَوْفِ وَالْجُوعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِّنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَنفُسِ وَالثَّمَرَاتِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الصَّابِرِينَ
    “And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruit, but give good tidings to the patient.” (Qur’ān 2:155)

    Allāh says that life and death has been created so that He may test us as to who is the best in deed. Even the Prophets, these chosen ones of Allāh, even they were tested. So what about us? Every person shall be tested in one way or another, some with hardship and some with luxury. Some tests will be big, e.g. oppression, some will be small, e.g. someone abusing you.

  • This brings us to another lesson we can bring out of this, and that is the Mercy of Allāh upon us. Such heavy tests were reserved for the Prophets. These special people were tested in ways we aren't tested. And this is a gift from Allāh to us, that Allāh tests those who are closest to Him the hardest, so that when these people pass these tests, Allāh says to us, "Look at these people." See what they went through? You've got nothing on them. Compare what they went through to what you're going through. You think your school-load or workload is tough? You think that staying away from ḥarām is hard? You think your five daily prayers are hard? Go imagine yourself being commanded by Allāh to kill the person you love the most: your mother, your father. Think your family situation's tough? Think about Ibrāhīm's one at the time. You'll realise, "Man, I've got it easy!" This is Allāh's Mercy upon us.
  • The heavier the test, the greater the reward is if you pass it. Ibrāhīm's life was full of trials and tests, including the test of the sacrifice of his son, and he passed them all. He demonstrated that his love for Allāh was above his love for anything else, even his beloved son. What did Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) get in compensation for this? For a start, his son was saved. He was blessed with another son, Isḥāq. He became the khalīl of Allāh. All the prophets that came after him was from his progeny. He is the only prophet Rasul Allāh ﷺ, the most exemplary of humans, is explicitly ordered to look up to and to take as an example. What an honour for Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām). His name and legacy is remembered and upheld to this day by every single Mu'min, for example in the ṣalāh, during the Ḥajj, and on ʿĪd al-Aḍḥā, when the animals are sacrificed. He is respected to this day not only by the Muslims of this world, but also by the Jews and Christians. Tell me of anyone who was respected more than Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) was. No one. Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) is the most respected person in history.
  • And what about his son, Ismāʿil, who willingly submitted to the command of Allāh to have him sacrificed? What was his reward? Not only was he saved, but he had the honour, along with his father, of building and maintaining the first ever house built for the worship of Allāh, a house venerated and respected to this day by all Muslims around the world. And from his progeny came the best of creations, the master of the children of Adam, Muḥammad ﷺ. Such is the reward of those who truly submit to their Creator.

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    Praise be to Allāh, who has not taken a son and has had no partner in [His] kingdom and has no [need of a] protector out of weakness; and magnify Him with [great] magnification. Allāh is Greatest, Allāh is greatest, there is no god but Allāh, Allāh is greatest, Allāh is greatest, and Allāh belongs all Praise and Thanks. To proceed: O mankind! Fear Allāh, obey Him and do good. Indeed, Allāh is with those who fear Him and those who are doers of good.

    O Slaves of Allāh! Rearrange your priorities and Allāh will help you.

    وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مَخْرَجًا وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ ۚ

    “And whosoever fears Allāh and keeps his duty to Him, He will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty). And will provide for him from where he does not expect. And whoever relies upon Allāh - then He is sufficient for him.” (Qur’ān 65:2-3)

    Put Allāh first before everything else and Allāh will take care of the rest, no matter how bleak the outlook, how impossible things might look to seem. Look to Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) as an example of this: after all, the Prophet ﷺ was ordered to do the same. Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) put Allāh before everything else including his son. However, realise, may Allāh guide you, that you have an enemy waiting in your path. The same way Shayṭān tried to avert Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām) from slaughtering his son, from placing Allāh before anything else, Shayṭān will try to do the same to us. So beware of him, his sneaky tactics and his devilish whispers; indeed, he will present to you sin as a sweet-tasting fruit, but know that whoever eats from this fruit has eaten a poisoned fruit, a fruit that makes oneself eligible for the Blazing Fire of Jahannam.

    Know, may Allāh grant you success in the two worlds, that Allāh wants sincerity and effort from us in our acts of worship. After all, at the end of the day it’s not about the quantity of your deeds: it’s the quality that matters most. As the famous ḥadīth goes, “Indeed, actions are but by intentions”.

    Know that when you perform an act of worship, Allāh looks at whether you worship Him out of your love for Him or otherwise. Many people pray not out of their love for Allāh but because they have to; it's a duty upon them. They pray for the sake of it. Just go to the masjid and observe how many people just want to get things over and done with. This holds true for other acts of worship too. This is not how things should be. When we worship Allāh, we do it out of our love for Him, not only because we have to but because we want to. Indeed, the heart of a worshipper devoid of the love for Allāh is like a book with no writing it: of what benefit is it? Realise that once we worship Allāh with sincerity, full effort and love, you shall see the blessings, the benefits and the rewards of this, just like what we have seen with Ibrāhīm (ʿalayh al-salām).

    Friday 11 October 2013

    Khutbah: The First Ten Days of Dhu al-Hijjah

    Praise be to Allāh, the One Who made certain periods of times more blessed than others and made acts of worship performed in them worth more in measure, as a Mercy to His servants so that they may exert more effort and be more eager in their endeavours to attain His Pleasure. May Peace and Blessings be upon the one who was sent to inform us of such blessed times, Muḥammad, and upon his family and companions, whom we all treasure. O you who have believed! Fear Allāh the way He deserves to be feared, and do not die except in a state of submission to Allāh.

    To proceed: O Servants of Allāh! A blessed season has come upon you, a season the days of which some scholars have deemed to be better than the last ten days of Ramaḍān. We are mid-way through the first ten days of the month of Dhū al-Ḥijjah, a month which is already considered sacred with Allāh. Allāh says:

    وَالْفَجْرِ ۝ وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ

    “By the dawn. And [by] the ten nights.” (Qur’ān 89:1-2)

    Most scholars hold that the ten nights Allāh is taking oath by in these Verses are the first ten nights and days of Dhū al-Ḥijjah. Now Allāh doesn't just take oath by random things; He takes oath by things of significance to man. And so Allāh's taking oath by these ten days demonstrates the significance of these days and their superiority over other days.

    To further explain the significance of these ten days, the Prophet ﷺ was reported by Ibn ʿAbbās (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) to have said, “There are no deeds as excellent as those done in these ten days." They (the companions listening) said, "Not even jihād?" He, peace be upon him, said, "No, not even jihād except a man who goes forth endangering his life and wealth and does not return with anything.” (al-Bukhārī)

    So Dear Muslims! Recognise the significance of this season, a season springing with blessings and opportunities for the believer, and ensure that you eat from its sweet fruits before they run out. Amongst the best ways one can do this is by fasting, as mentioned in a ḥadīth qudsī where Allāh says, “All the deeds of the son of Adam are for him, except fasting, which is for Me and I shall reward for it.” (al-Bukhārī) It was reported by one of the wives of the Prophet (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhā) that the Prophet ﷺ would not miss fasting the first nine days of Dhū al-Ḥijjah. If you are not able to, then at least fast three of these days, for then you will have fulfilled the sunnah of fasting three days in a month, a great sunnah which if performed every month counts as if one has fasted continuously, as is narrated by Muslim. And if you are not able to, then at least fast the Day of ʿArafah, the greatest day of the year, the day when Allāh perfected His Religion, a day which if one fasts it, his sins of the previous and the following year are wiped out, as was narrated from the Prophet ﷺ by Muslim and al-Tirmidhī.

    O Servants of Allāh! Recite abundantly the tahlīl (lā ilāha illa -Llāh), takbīr (Allāhu akbar) and taḥmīd (al-ḥamdu liLlāh) during this time, for as the Prophet ﷺ said, “There are no days that are greater before Allāh or in which good deeds are more beloved to Him, than these ten days, so recite a great deal of tahlīl, takbīr and taḥmīd during them.” (Aḥmad)

    Brothers and Sisters! The example of these ten days is like the traveller in the harsh desert who, to his
    delight, sights a blossoming tree after journeying for days on end. Be of those who rest in its cool shade and eats from its sweet fruits, and not like the fool who merely passes by without benefiting from it.
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    Praise be to Allāh, the One who has ordered us to His obedience and forbidden for us His disobedience. May Peace and Blessings be upon the best of creations, Muḥammad, and upon his family and companions.
    To proceed: O slaves of Allāh! Fear Allāh, obey Him and perform the good. Indeed, Allāh is with those who fear Him and those who do good.

    Know that amongst the characteristics of a Muslim is that he hastens to do the good. However, we may at times find ourselves procrastinating in our acts of worship, putting them off. For example, with ṣalāh, when the time of ṣalāh comes, we tell ourselves, “just wait a bit more. Delay the prayer a bit.” Especially with Fajr Ṣalāh: when the alarm goes off, we hit the snooze button and tell ourselves, “Just five more minutes”, and then put our heads back on the pillow. Or for those who don’t pray regularly—may Allāh guide us all to fulfil His commandments—they say to themselves, “I'll start praying when I'm a bit older.” This is not the attitude of the Muslim. Know that procrastination, putting off doing things to a later time, is a tool of Shayṭān by which the slave becomes lazy to worship his Lord, a tool whereby he is caught up in the delusion that he still has plenty of time left. And by the way, it's funny where when it come to sin, we tell ourselves, “Don’t worry, just do it for now, you've still got plenty time to repent to Allāh and seek His Forgiveness.” But remember, O slave of Allāh, that death may overcome you at any time. So instead of putting off good deeds and hastening in bad deeds, let us all hasten to do the good and strive to avoid the evil. Let us make sincere efforts to start this from now, during these blessed ten days, in order that Allāh place barakah in our efforts and allow us to maintain them for good. And I remind you once again, O slaves of Allāh, to make the most out of these ten days and not to delay your efforts in drawing nearer to your Lord, the Almighty. After all, it may be that you may not live to see another such blessed season.

    Monday 11 March 2013

    Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and Qadianism

    In the Name of Allāh, the All-Merciful, the Ever-Merciful

    All praise is due to Allāh, and may peace and blessings be upon His final messenger and the seal of the prophets, Muḥammad the son of ʿAbdullāh, and upon his family and companions.

    To proceed:

    Around a century ago, a man appeared in Qadian, India, spreading corrupt, deviant and heretical teachings. He claimed to be the mujaddid1 of the 14th Hijri Century, as well as al-Mahdī2, al-Masīḥ al-Mawʿūd3 and a Prophet of Allāh, all of which are utter lies. This man was Mirza Ghulam Ahmad.

    The ʿUlamāʾ of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah immediately spoke up—and still do—against this man, declaring him a kāfir. In this piece, we will, in shāʾ Allāh discuss the reasons as to why this man and his followers are considered kuffār.

    As previously pointed out, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed four things:
    • He was a mujaddid
    • He was al-Mahdī
    • He was al-Masīḥ al-Mawʿūd, ʿĪsā ibn Maryam
    • He was a prophet of Allāh
    We will now move on to discredit and refute his claims. Before analysing his claims, we should take note that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, once he made a claim, did not reject the former claim he made. This means that when he had made his claim of prophethood, he still at the same time claimed to be a mujaddid, al-Mahdī and al-Masīḥ al-Mawʿūd, all at the same time. This is absurd, as the aḥādīth clearly state that al-Mahdī, Prophet ʿĪsā and the Last Prophet are all different people, a fact which should suffice as proof that this man is nothing but a liar. Nevertheless, we shall analyse and prove the fallacious nature of his claims.

    Claim 1: Mujaddid

    In 1882, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad made his first claim; he claimed to be the mujaddid of the Muslim ummah. The ʿulamāʾ of the time ignored and disregarded him. He also claimed to be a muḥaddith (scholar of ḥadīth) during this period.

    Claim 2: al-Mahdī

    Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s second claim was of him being al-Mahdī. At this point, the ʿulamāʾ attacked him and refuted his claims. His claim to being al-Mahdī is nonsensical for various reasons, such as:
    • His name was Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. Al-Mahdī will bear the same name as the Prophet ﷺ. ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported, according to the version of Sufyān, that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      لاَ تَذْهَبُ أَوْ لاَ تَنْقَضِي الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يَمْلِكَ الْعَرَبَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي يُوَاطِئُ اسْمُهُ اسْمِي

      “The world will not pass away before the Arabs are ruled by a man of my family whose name will be the same as mine.” (Narrated in Sunan Abī Dāwūd)
    • His father’s name was Mirza Ghulam Murtaza, not ʿAbdullāh, which will be al-Mahdī’s father’s name. ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      "لَوْ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا إِلاَّ يَوْمٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ زَائِدَةُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ ‏"‏ لَطَوَّلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ اتَّفَقُوا ‏"‏ حَتَّى يَبْعَثَ فِيهِ رَجُلاً مِنِّي ‏"‏ ‏.‏ أَوْ ‏"‏ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي يُوَاطِئُ اسْمُهُ اسْمِي وَاسْمُ أَبِيهِ اسْمَ أَبِي"

      “If only one day of this world remained [(Zāʾidah's version adds:) Allāh would lengthen that day], till He raised up in it a man who belongs to me or to my family whose father's name is the same as my father's. (Narrated in Sunan Abī Dāwūd)
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was born in Qadian, India. al-Mahdī will be born in al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was not a descendant of the Prophet ﷺ. Umm al-Muʾminīn, Umm Salamah (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhā) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      الْمَهْدِيُّ مِنْ عِتْرَتِي مِنْ وَلَدِ فَاطِمَةَ

      Al-Mahdī will be of my family, of the descendants of Fāṭimah.” (Narrated in Sunan Abī Dāwūd)
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad did not resemble the Prophet ﷺ in appearance, whose appearance has been described in many aḥādīth. Al-Mahdī, however, will resemble the Prophet ﷺ.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad appeared in Qadian, India. Al-Mahdī will appear in Makkah, between the Black Stone and Maqām Ibrāhīm. Umm al-Muʾminīn, Umm Salamah (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhā) reports that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      يَكُونُ اخْتِلاَفٌ عِنْدَ مَوْتِ خَلِيفَةٍ فَيَخْرُجُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ هَارِبًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَيَأْتِيهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ فَيُخْرِجُونَهُ وَهُوَ كَارِهٌ فَيُبَايِعُونَهُ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْمَقَامِ

      “Disagreement will occur at the death of a caliph and a man of the people of al-Madīnah will come flying forth to Makkah. Some of the people of Makkah will come to him, bring him out against his will and swear allegiance to him between the Corner (i.e. the corner of the Kaʿbah on which the Black Stone is located) and the Maqām.” (Narrated in Sunan Abī Dāwūd)
    Thus, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s claim of being al-Mahdī has been refuted and discredited.

    Claim 3: al-Masīḥ al-Mawʿūd, ʿĪsā ibn Maryam

    Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's third claim was of him being al-Masīḥ al-Mawʿūd, i.e., he claimed to be ʿĪsā ibn Maryam. When he made this point, the ʿulamāʾ again spoke against him, saying that it was impossible for him to be Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) due to a myriad reasons, some of which include:
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad had a mother by the name of Chiragh Bibi. ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) had a mother by the name of Maryam, which is why Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) is usually referred to in the Qurʾān as ʿĪsā ibn Maryam, i.e., ʿĪsā the son of Maryam.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad had a father by the name of Mirza Ghulam Murtaza. Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) did not have a father at all, which is why he is referred to as being the son of his mother, unlike the usual attribution of a person as being the child of his father.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was born in India. Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) was born in Bethlehem.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was born in 1835. Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) was born 600 years before Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was never raised to the heavens during his lifetime. It is a well known fact that Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) was raised up to the heavens. Allāh says in the Qurʾān:

      إِذْ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ يَٰعِيسَىٰٓ إِنِّى مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَرَافِعُكَ إِلَىَّ وَمُطَهِّرُكَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا

      “[Mention] when Allāh said, "O ʿĪsā, indeed I will take you and raise you to Myself and purify you from those who disbelieve...” (Sūrat Āli ʿImrān [3]:55)
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad appeared in India. Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) will appear in Damascus. al-Nawwās ibn Samʿān al-Kilābi (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      ...فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ الْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ فَيَنْزِلُ عِنْدَ الْمَنَارَةِ الْبَيْضَاءِ شَرْقِيَّ دِمَشْقَ بَيْنَ مَهْرُودَتَيْنِ وَاضِعًا كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى أَجْنِحَةِ مَلَكَيْنِ...

      “...And it would at this very time that Allāh would send the Messiah, son of Maryam, and he will descend at the white minaret in the eastern side of Damascus wearing two garments lightly dyed with saffron and placing his hands on the wings of two Angels.” (Narrated by Muslim; a similar version is narrated by al-Tirmidhī; Abū Dāwūd narrates a similar ḥadīth)
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad never claimed to be a rasūl4. The Qurʾān clearly states that ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) was a rasūl.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad did not receive a book, nor did he ever claim to. ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) received the Injīl (Gospel).
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad did not resemble the description of Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) which has been described in numerous aḥādīth.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad never went to Jerusalem, nor did he ever battle anyone in war, let alone physically kill someone. The ḥadīth of al-Nawwās ibn Samʿān al-Kilābī (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) that was quoted above also states that Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) will kill al-Dajjāl (the False Messiah):

      ...فَيَطْلُبُهُ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَهُ بِبَابِ لُدٍّ فَيَقْتُلُهُ...

      “He (i.e., Prophet ʿĪsā) will then search for al-Dajjāl until he will catch hold of him at the gate of Ludd (a village near Jerusalem), and will kill him.”
    • Yaʾjūj and Maʾjūj did not appear during Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's time. The same ḥadīth of al-Nawwās ibn Samʿān al-Kilābī (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) that was quoted above states that Yaʾjūj and Maʾjūj will appear at the time of ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām):

      ...فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى عِيسَى إِنِّي قَدْ أَخْرَجْتُ عِبَادًا لِي لاَ يَدَانِ لأَحَدٍ بِقِتَالِهِمْ فَحَرِّزْ عِبَادِي إِلَى الطُّورِ ‏.‏ وَيَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ وَهُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ حَدَبٍ يَنْسِلُونَ فَيَمُرُّ أَوَائِلُهُمْ عَلَى بُحَيْرَةِ طَبَرِيَّةَ فَيَشْرَبُونَ مَا فِيهَا وَيَمُرُّ آخِرُهُمْ فَيَقُولُونَ لَقَدْ كَانَ بِهَذِهِ مَرَّةً مَاءٌ ‏.‏ وَيُحْصَرُ نَبِيُّ اللَّهُ عِيسَى وَأَصْحَابُهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ رَأْسُ الثَّوْرِ لأَحَدِهِمْ خَيْرًا مِنْ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ لأَحَدِكُمُ الْيَوْمَ فَيَرْغَبُ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ عِيسَى وَأَصْحَابُهُ فَيُرْسِلُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهُمُ النَّغَفَ فِي رِقَابِهِمْ فَيُصْبِحُونَ فَرْسَى كَمَوْتِ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ...

      “...And it would be under such conditions that Allāh would reveal to ʿĪsā these words: 'I have brought forth from amongst My servants such people against whom none would be able to fight; you take these people safely to Ṭūr,' and then Allāh would send Yaʾjūj and Maʾjūj and they would swarm down from every slope. The first of them would pass the lake of Tiberias and drink out of it. And when the last of them would pass, he would say: 'There was once water there.' ʿĪsā and his companions would then be besieged here [at Ṭūr, and they would be so much hard pressed] that the head of the ox would be dearer to them than one hundred dinars. So Allāh's Prophet, ʿĪsā, and his companions would supplicate Allāh, Who would send to them insects [which would attack their necks] and in the morning they would perish like one single person...”

      None of the above events occurred during the time of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad never went for Ḥajj or ʿUmrah; Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) will. The Prophetﷺ said:

      وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَيُهِلَّنَّ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ بِفَجِّ الرَّوْحَاءِ حَاجًّا أَوْ مُعْتَمِرًا أَوْ لَيَثْنِيَنَّهُمَا

      “By the One in Whose hand is my soul, the son of Maryam (i.e. ʿĪsā) will certainly pronounce the Talbiyah for Ḥajj or for ʿUmrah, or for both, in the valley of Rawḥāʾ.” (Narrated by Muslim)
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is not buried next to the Prophet ﷺ. Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) will be buried next to the Prophet ﷺ.
    • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed that ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām) fled to Kashmir after his “crucifixion”, where he died naturally and was buried. He then claimed that ʿĪsā would not return to the world physically, rather, he would only return spiritually, and that he himself was ʿĪsā's spiritual reincarnation. Both these claims are nonsense, as the Qurʾān states that Prophet ʿĪsā was raised to the heavens and is still alive, a point stated previously. The aḥādīth, such the ones quoted above, also indicate that Prophet ʿĪsā's return to this world would be a physical return, not merely a spiritual return.
    As can be seen, there are numerous reasons as to why Mirza Ghulam Ahmad cannot be al-Masīḥ al-Mawʿūd. Only a stubborn person will believe otherwise.

    Claim 4: Nubuwwah (Prophethood)

    Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's fourth claim was that he was a Prophet of Allāh. At this point, the ʿulamāʾ immediately declared Mirza Ghulam Ahmad a kāfir, deviant, heretic, blasphemer, deceiver and liar.

    There are many evidences from the Qurʾān and sunnah to refute and discredit Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claim.

    Allāh says in the Qurʾān:

    مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَٰكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ

    “Muḥammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of Allāh and last of the prophets.” (Sūrat al-Ahzāb [33]:40)

    Allāh also says:

    ٱلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِى وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ ٱلْإِسْلَٰمَ دِينًا

    “This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favour upon you and have approved for you Islām as religion.” (Sūrat al-Māʾidah [5]:3)

    If Allāh had perfected our religion, i.e. Islām, which was brought to us by Muḥammad ﷺ, and approved it as our religion, why would we need another prophet? Surely, to claim the existence of another prophet after Muḥammad ﷺ is to say that Allāh did not perfect and complete our religion, wouldn't it?

    Allāh also says in the Qurʾān:

    وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَٰكَ إِلَّا كَآفَّةً لِّلنَّاسِ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

    “And We have not sent you except comprehensively to mankind as a bringer of good tidings and a warner. But most of the people do not know.” (Sūrat Sabaʾ [34]:28)

    If Allāh sent Muḥammad ﷺ comprehensively to mankind, why would another prophet be required?

    The following are some aḥādīth that prove the finality of the prophethood of Muḥammad ﷺ:
    • ʿUqbah (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      لو كان بعدي نبي لكان عمر بن الخطاب

      “If there was to be a Prophet after me, it would be ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb” (Narrated by al-Tirmidhī, al-Ḥākim and Aḥmad)

      This ḥadīth clearly states that if there was to a prophet after Muḥammad ﷺ, it would be ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb. However, there is no Prophet after Muḥammad ﷺ.
    • Abū Hurayrah (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      كَانَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ تَسُوسُهُمُ الأَنْبِيَاءُ، كُلَّمَا هَلَكَ نَبِيٌّ خَلَفَهُ نَبِيٌّ، وَإِنَّهُ لاَ نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي، وَسَيَكُونُ خُلَفَاءُ فَيَكْثُرُونَ‏

      “The Children of Israel were ruled by the Prophets. When one Prophet died, another succeeded him. There will be no Prophet after me, but there will be caliphs and they will be many." (Narrated by al-Bukhārī and Muslim)
    • Abū Hurayrah (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      فُضِّلْتُ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بِسِتٍّ : أُعْطِيتُ جَوَامِعَ الْكَلِمِ ، وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ ، وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَائِمُ ، وَجُعِلَتْ لِيَ الأَرْضُ طَهُورًا وَمَسْجِدًا ، وَأُرْسِلْتُ إِلَى الْخَلْقِ كَافَّةً ، وَخُتِمَ بِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ

      “I have been honoured over the Prophets with six [things]: I have been given concise speech, I have been aided by [the ability to cause in the enemy] fright, the spoils of war have been made lawful for me, the Earth has been made as a mosque and purifier for me, I have been sent to all creatures, and with me Prophethood is sealed.” (Narrated by Muslim and al-Tirmidhī)
    • Thawbān (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      ...وَإِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ فِي أُمَّتِي ثَلاَثُونَ كَذَّابُونَ كُلُّهُمْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ وَأَنَا خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ لاَ نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي...

      “...And indeed there shall be thirty imposters in my ummah, each of them claiming that he is a Prophet. And I am the last of the Prophets; there is no Prophet after me. (Narrated by al-Tirmidhī, Abū Dāwūd and Ibn Mājah)
    • Abū Hurayrah (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      إِنَّ مَثَلِي وَمَثَلَ الأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِي كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ بَنَى بَيْتًا فَأَحْسَنَهُ وَأَجْمَلَهُ، إِلاَّ مَوْضِعَ لَبِنَةٍ مِنْ زَاوِيَةٍ، فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَطُوفُونَ بِهِ وَيَعْجَبُونَ لَهُ، وَيَقُولُونَ هَلاَّ وُضِعَتْ هَذِهِ اللَّبِنَةُ قَالَ فَأَنَا اللَّبِنَةُ، وَأَنَا خَاتِمُ النَّبِيِّينَ

      “My similitude in comparison with the other prophets before me, is that of a man who has built a house nicely and beautifully, except for a place of one brick in a corner. The people go about it and wonder at its beauty, but say: 'Would that this brick be put in its place!' So I am that brick, and I am the last of the Prophets.” (Narrated by al-Bukhārī and Muslim)
    • Anas ibn Mālik (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

      إِنَّ الرِّسَالَةَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ قَدِ انْقَطَعَتْ فَلاَ رَسُولَ بَعْدِي وَلاَ نَبِيَّ

      Messengerhood and prophethood have ceased. There will be no messenger after me, nor prophet.” (Narrated by Aḥmad and al-Tirmidhī)
    • Abū Hurayrah (raḍiya -Llāhu ʿanhu) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said in a lengthy ḥadīth about the people rushing to different Prophets on the Day of Judgement asking them for intercession:

      ...فَيَأْتُونَ مُحَمَّدًا فَيَقُولُونَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمُ الأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَقَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ، اشْفَعْ لَنَا إِلَى رَبِّكَ أَلاَ تَرَى إِلَى مَا نَحْنُ فِيهِ ...

      “...So they will come to Muḥammad and say, 'O Muḥammad! You are Allāh's Messenger and the last of the Prophets, and Allāh forgave your early and late sins. Intercede for us with your Lord! Don't you see in what state we are?...” (Narrated by al-Bukhārī, Muslim and al-Tirmidhī)
    There are many more aḥādīth that decisively prove the finality of the Prophethood of Muḥammad ﷺ, but the above should suffice, in shāʾ Allāh, as decisive proof that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was nothing but a liar, deceiver and fraud in his claim to prophethood.

    However, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad did not stop there. He insisted that there were two types of prophethood: non-legislative, subordinate prophethood and legislative, major prophethood. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to be of the former type. He also claimed to be a Ẓillī prophet, meaning he was a "shadow prophet" who reflected the perfect personality and prophethood of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ; as well, he claimed to be a Burūzī prophet, meaning he was the reincarnation of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ.

    Naʿūdhu biLlāhi min dhālik! Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claims of Ẓillī and Burūzī prophethood are nothing but myths borrowed from Hinduism, a religion well-known to be a religion of shirk! Allāh al-Mustaʿān!

    In shaʾ Allāh, the above should suffice as evidence that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was nothing but a kāfir, deviant, heretic, blasphemer, deceiver, fraud and liar.

    The Verdict Regarding Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's Followers

    Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's followers, known as the Qadianis, split up into two factions after his successor's death, one being the Ahmadiyya and the other the Lahore Ahmadiyya, otherwise known as the Lahoris or the Lahori Ahmadis. This latter faction was established by Muhammad Ali Lahori.

    The Ahmadis believe that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was a prophet. They took Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claims to prophethood literally. The Lahoris however interpret Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claims to prophethood metaphorically, thus, they believe Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was merely a mujaddid, not a prophet.

    Both factions are considered to be kuffār by Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah. The Ahmadis are kuffār as they believe Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was a prophet, which completely goes against the Qurʾān and the teachings of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. The Lahoris are kuffār as they consider Mirza Ghulam Ahmad a righteous and godly man, when in fact he was a kāfir, heretic, a blasphemer, fraud and liar.

    Many Islamic institutions around the world have declared takfīr on the Qadianis. This includes al-Azhar in Egypt, the Muslim World League, The Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta' of Saudi Arabia and the Deobandi Movement in India.

    Conclusion

    To sum up, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was a great liar, deceiver and fraud who falsely claimed to be the mujaddid of the 14th Hijri Century, as well as al-Mahdī, al-Masīḥ al-Mawʿūd and a Prophet of Allāh, all of which are utter lies. ʿUlamāʾ of the past and present have declared takfīr on him and his followers, known as the Qadianis, which includes both the Ahmadis and Lahoris. This is as the claims of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad clearly contradict the basic principles of Islam, as illustrated in the Qurʾān and Sunnah.

    مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَىَّ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ

    The Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever tells lies about me deliberately, let him take his place in Hell.” (Narrated by al-Bukhārī, Muslim, Ibn Mājah, Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī and others)

    وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ ٱفْتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَوْ قَالَ أُوحِىَ إِلَىَّ وَلَمْ يُوحَ إِلَيْهِ شَىْءٌ وَمَن قَالَ سَأُنزِلُ مِثْلَ مَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ

    “And who can be more unjust than he who invents a lie against Allāh, or says: 'I have received inspiration,' whereas he is not inspired in anything; and who says, 'I will reveal the like of what Allāh has revealed.'” (Sūrat al-Anʿām [6]:93)

    May peace and blessings be upon the seal of the Prophets, Muḥammad ibn Abdillāh, as well as upon his family and companions. We end by praising Allāh the Lord of the Worlds.

    And Allāh Knows Best


    1 Mujaddid: A reformer of the ummah. The Prophet ﷺ prophesied that there would be one such reformer every century
    2 al-Mahdī: The prophesied redeemer who will come at the End of Times to save humanity and establish the justice of Islām on the earth."
    3 al-Masīḥ al-Mawʿūd: The Promised Messiah, i.e. Prophet ʿĪsā (ʿalayh al-salām), who will return from the heavens to the earth to kill the False Messiah and rule the earth with Islām.
    4 Rasūl: A messenger of Allāh; a prophet who receives a new set of laws to abrogate the laws of the previous messenger.